|
The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore ((:ˈsanta maˈriːa madˈdʒoːre); 'Basilica of St. Mary Major', (ラテン語:Basilica Sanctae Mariae Maioris)),〔The actual, official name seems to vary: The Holy See's press office uses "Papal Liberian Basilica of St. Mary Major in Rome" in English (in a 2011 note ), while the (official Vatican site for the Basilica ) uses various formulas not including "Liberian" or ''Liberiana'', some under a coat of arms that includes "basilica Liberiana" in Italian.〕 or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Papal major basilica and the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy, from whence size it receives the appellation "major". The Basilica is located at 34 Piazza del Esquilino, some five blocks southwest of Stazione Termini. The ancient basilica enshrines the venerated image of Salus Populi Romani depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary as the health and protectress of the Roman people, which was granted a Canonical coronation by Pope Gregory XVI on 15 August 1838 accompanied by his Papal bull ''Caelestis Regina''. Pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Holy See and Italy, the Basilica is within Italian territory and not the territory of the Vatican City State.〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 ((''The Treaty of the Lateran'' by Benedict Williamson (London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne Limited, 1929), pages 42–66 ))〕 However, the Holy See fully owns the Basilica, and Italy is legally obligated to recognize its full ownership thereof〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 13 ((Ibidem ))〕 and to concede to it "the immunity granted by International Law to the headquarters of the diplomatic agents of foreign States".〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 ((Ibidem ))〕 ==Other Appellations== The Basilica is sometimes referred to as Our Lady of the Snows, a name given to it in the Roman Missal from 1568 to 1969 in connection with the liturgical feast of the anniversary of its dedication on 5 August, a feast that was then denominated ''Dedicatio Sanctae Mariae ad Nives'' (Dedication of Saint Mary of the Snows). This name for the basilica had become popular in the 14th century in connection with a legend that the 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia reports thus: "During the pontificate of Liberius, the Roman patrician John and his wife, who were without heirs, made a vow to donate their possessions to the Virgin Mary. They prayed that she might make known to them how they were to dispose of their property in her honour. On 5 August, at the height of the Roman summer, snow fell during the night on the summit of the Esquiline Hill. In obedience to a vision of the Virgin Mary which they had the same night, the couple built a basilica in honour of Mary on the very spot which was covered with snow. From the fact that no mention whatever is made of this alleged miracle until a few hundred years later, not even by Sixtus III in his eight-line dedicatory inscription ... it would seem that the legend has no historical basis." The legend is first reported only after AD 1000.〔(Dedication of St. Mary Major Basilica )〕 It may be implied in what the ''Liber Pontificalis'', of the early 13th century, says of Pope Liberius: "He built the basilica of his own name (i.e. the Liberian Basilica) near the Macellum of Livia". Its prevalence in the 15th century is shown in the painting of the Miracle of the Snow by Masolino da Panicale.〔This triptych painted around 1423 was commissioned for the basilica by a member of the Colonna family; it is now in the Museo di Capodimonte, Naples (Paul Joannides, "The Colonna Triptych by Masolino and Masaccio," ''Arte Cristiana'' no 728 (1988:339-)). The miracle is depicted as witnessed by a crowd of men and women, with Jesus and the Virgin Mary observing from above.〕 The feast was originally called ''Dedicatio Sanctae Mariae'' (Dedication of Saint Mary's),〔 and was celebrated only in Rome until inserted for the first time into the General Roman Calendar, with ''ad Nives'' added to its name, in 1568.〔 A congregation appointed by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741 proposed that the reading of the legend be struck from the Office and that the feast be given its original name.〔 No action was taken on the proposal until 1969, when the reading of the legend was removed and the feast was called ''In dedicatione Basilicae S. Mariae'' (Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary).〔 The legend is still commemorated by dropping white rose petals from the dome during the celebration of the Mass and Second Vespers of the feast. The earliest building on the site was the Liberian Basilica or Santa Maria Liberiana, after Pope Liberius (352–366). This name may have originated from the same legend, which recounts that, like John and his wife, Pope Liberius was told in a dream of the forthcoming summer snowfall, went in procession to where it did occur and there marked out the area on which the church was to be built.〔(Pius Parsch, ''The Church's Year of Grace'' quoted in Catholic Culture: "Ordinary Time, 5 August" )〕 ''Liberiana'' is still included in some versions of the basilica's formal name, and "Liberian Basilica" may be used as a contemporary as well as historical name.〔See for example the Holy See's press office using "Papal Liberian Basilica of St. Mary Major in Rome" in English (in a 2011 note ), while the (official Vatican website for the church ) uses various formulas, some under a coat of arms that includes "basilica Liberiana" in Italian.〕 On the other hand, the name "Liberian Basilica" may be independent of the legend, since, according to Pius Parsch, Pope Liberius transformed a palace of the Sicinini family into a church, which was for that reason called the Sicinini Basilica. This building was then replaced under Pope Sixtus III (432–440) by the present structure dedicated to Mary.〔 However, some sources say that the adaptation as a church of a pre-existing building on the site of the present basilica was done in the 420s under Pope Celestine I, the immediate predecessor of Sixtus III. Long before the earliest traces of the story of the miraculous snow, the church now known as Saint Mary Major was called Saint Mary of the Crib (''Sancta Maria ad Praesepe''),〔(Encyclical ''Slavorum Apostoli'' ), 5〕 a name it was given because of its relic of the crib or manger of the Nativity of Jesus Christ, four boards of sycamore wood believed to have been brought to the church, together with a fifth, in the time of Pope Theodore I (640–649).〔(Stephen M. Donovan, "Crib" in Catholic Encyclopedia 1908 )〕〔(Joan Carroll Cruz, ''Relics'' (Our Sunday Visitor 1984 ISBN 978-0-87973-701-6), p. 22 )〕 This name appears in the Tridentine editions of the Roman Missal as the place for the pope's Mass (the station Mass) on Christmas Night,〔(''Missale Romanum'', 1962 edition, p. 17 )〕 while the name "Mary Major" appears for the church of the station Mass on Christmas Day.〔''Missale Romanum'', 1962 edition, p. 20〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|